What such hormones?

These are - the special substances, which are manufactured in the organism and its development and functioning are regulated. Hormone are formed by the special by organs - glands of internal secretion (or endocrine glands). These organs they are named so because the products of their work are not separated into the environment (as, for example, in sweat or digestive glands), and "are caught" by the blood stream they resound on entire organism. "true" hormone (in difference from the local regulator substances) they are separated into the blood and they act practically to all organs, including considerably removed from the place the formation of hormone.

Like to any other organs, to the glands of the internal secretions are inherent different diseases. Takeing into account the special features of the action of hormone, it is easy to understand, why the diseases of endocrine system render negative action practically on entire organism.

The diseases of the organs of internal secretion and the methods of their treatment study the division of medicine - endocrinology. However, the theme of hormones is not contained by only by these illnesses. The preparations were created on the basis of natural hormone, utilized in different regions medicines.

The sex gland (ovaries in women, testes in men) these organs play dual role.

First, in them occurs ripening the sex cells (egg cells, spermatozoids) for the subsequent fertilization.

The second place, these organs separate the sexual hormone, which control by the development of second sexual signs (mammary glands in women, pilosis on pubes and in armpits, etc.), sexual inclination (libido), and also by the development of sex cells, internal sex organs (womb, uterine pipes, ductus seminalis) and other.

With the sexual glands are connected different endocrine disease (see it is below).

The separate, although rare group of diseases - premature (or, on the contrary, retarded) sexual ripening, and also thus the called disturbances of sexual development (false hermaphroditism), with which in organism is a number of signs, characteristic for the opposite floor.

True hermaphroditism (simultaneous presence of the man and female sexual glands, usually on one each type) in man it is encountered it is extremely rare (in the world literature they are described about 10 cases).
Years ago into one of the departments of the endocrine of gynecology department turned herself patient on the 5th month of pregnancy. Although pregnancy flowed completely normally, it was known that at the childhood woman passed treatment to this clinic, and subsequently the medical documents they were lost.

Takeing into account this, detailed data were required obstetrician inspection in order to confirm or to refute the presence "the hormonal disturbances " in patient. Search on the card index of patients revealed the following: in the 5- the summer age was carry ouied operation on change in floor, t.k. it was with the generation is erroneously defined as man. Accordingly, originally patient was it is carried into the card index the man by name and surname. It has very rare disease - "idiopathic (spontaneous) prenatal virilization of the external genitalia ".

Possibly, in its mother during the pregnancy the level was increased androgens, or the tissues of girl had the increased sensitivity k to the normal level of "mother's" androgens. In any event, after its generation hormonal background was normal, but external sex organs were formed according to the man type (healthy female internal sex organs).

When diagnosis became clear, was carry ouied plastic operation - and all appeared condition for its normalcy life subsequently as of woman. Is important the fact that in early age child yet finally does not realize his sexual belonging, and the change of floor frequently occurs relatively painlessly for it. At least, this patient remembered neither about the operation nor about her old name.

Sex gland in the women.

The characteristic property of female organism it is menstrual cycle. It reflects constant changes in the sexual system, the necessary for the ripening egg cells with the possibility of further fertilization and the offensive of pregnancy. These changes - result of the cyclic isolation sexual hormone by ovaries. During the first phase of menstrual cycle they are formed predominantly the estrogens, necessary for ripening of egg cell. In the middle cycle occurs ovulation - output of egg cell from the ovary.

After this, the ovaries they begin to secrete the progesterone, necessary for the development of egg cell in the case of its fertilization.

If fertilization does not begin, the level progesterone it is lowered, menses occurs, and new cycle begins.

Women there are many versions of the disturbances the synthesis of the hormone, which bring to the so called endocrine sterility:

To the disturbance of ripening egg cell (or its subsequent development) due to the absence of necessary for this process "hormonal background". Frequently (although not always) endocrine sterility is accompanied by the disturbance the regularity of menstrual cycle.

Man hormones - androgens: in the small quantity there are also in the female organism (determining, by the way, level libido in woman). However, the surplus of androgens in women is called hypérandrogeny and is manifested with an excess increase in the hair on face and of body, by the disturbances menstrual cycle, by sterility.

Disruptions of the work of ovaries (as testes) can be both primary and second (by caused deviations in the work of the hypophysis or, for example, the adrenal glands).

All states enumerated above require the detailed inspection and treatment in gynaecologist.

Sex gland glands in men.

The sexual hormones of men - these are the androgens: testosterone, androstandione, etc. Their level in men every day changes it is insignificant.

From the disturbances of the endocrine function of testes most is urgent hypo-gonadism - decrease in the level of androgens.

These hormone are necessary for the development of the second sexual signs, they ensure libido and potential; the production is impossible without them spermatozoids.

The basic symptoms of disease - reduction in the sexual inclination, the disturbance of capability for erection, shedding of hair in the "sexual" zones (on the pubes and in the armpits), and also the curtailment of an increase in the beard and whiskers, change in the timbre of voice, the decrease of sizes of sexual term and eggs, the increase mammary glands (gynecomastia), the disturbance of spermatogenesis, obesity.

It should be noted that frequently they are encountered the decrease potential or the disturbance of the production of spermatozoids without hypo-gonadism, t.e. with the normal level of androgens.

Primary hypo-gonadism is called, if its reason - any illness of eggs. This can the consequences of the transferred inflammation (orchitis) as a result of injury or with some infections (for example, infectious parotitis), the manifestation of different chronic diseases (for example, the kidney deficiency), the action of some medicines, the innate disturbances of the formation of floor or the defects of the biosynthesis of the sexual hormone and much other. In a number of cases the reason for primary hypo-gonadism remains by unknown.

Second hypo-gonadism appears, if it is disrupted the production of the hypophyseal hormones (LG and FSG), which within the standard stimulate the work testes. Usually this situation appears with other illnesses of hypophysis, when the production immediately of a number of hormone is disrupted.

All cases of hypo-gonadism require inspection u andrology- endocrinologist for determining his form (primary or second), the explanation of reasons and selection of correct treatment.

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